Imashini igenzurwa numubare (CNC) nuburyo bwo gukora inganda nyinshi zinjije mubikorwa byazo.Ni ukubera ko gukoresha imashini za CNC bishobora kongera umusaruro.Iremera kandi uburyo bwagutse bwa porogaramu kuruta imashini zikoreshwa nintoki.
Imikorere ya CNC inzira iratandukanye, bityo igasimbuza, imbogamizi zogukora intoki, bisaba umuyobozi wumurima kwihutira no kuyobora amategeko yigikoresho cyo gutunganya akoresheje levers, buto, na handwheels.Kubareba, sisitemu ya CNC irashobora kumera nkibisanzwe bya mudasobwa.
Nigute imashini ya CNC ikora?
Iyo sisitemu ya CNC ikora, ibipimo bisabwa byo gutunganya byashyizwe muri software hanyuma bigahabwa ibikoresho n'imashini bihuye, bikora imirimo yashinzwe, kimwe na robo.
Muri porogaramu ya CNC, generator zitanga kode muri sisitemu ya digitale akenshi zitekereza ko uburyo butagira inenge, nubwo hari amahirwe yo kwibeshya, bikaba bishoboka cyane mugihe imashini ya CNC isabwe guca mubyerekezo byinshi icyarimwe.Gushyira ibikoresho muri CNC bigaragazwa nuruhererekane rw'inyongera zitwa igice cya porogaramu.
Ukoresheje imashini ya CNC, shyiramo gahunda ukoresheje amakarita ya punch.Ibinyuranye, porogaramu yibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC byinjira muri mudasobwa ukoresheje kanda.Porogaramu ya CNC iguma mububiko bwa mudasobwa.Kode ubwayo yanditswe kandi ihindurwa nabashinzwe porogaramu.Kubwibyo, sisitemu ya CNC itanga intera nini yubushobozi bwo kubara.Icyingenzi cyane, sisitemu ya CNC ntabwo ihagaze neza, nkuko ibisobanuro bishya bishobora kongerwa kuri progaramu zabanje kubaho muguhindura code.
Porogaramu ya mashini ya CNC
Mu nganda za CNC, imashini zikoreshwa binyuze mu kugenzura imibare, aho porogaramu ya software igenewe kugenzura ibintu.Imvugo iri inyuma yimashini ya CNC, izwi kandi nka G-code, ikoreshwa mugucunga imyitwarire itandukanye yimashini ijyanye, nkumuvuduko, igipimo cyibiryo, hamwe no guhuza ibikorwa.
Mubusanzwe, CNC itunganya progaramu-progaramu yihuta nu mwanya wimikorere yimashini kandi ikabikoresha binyuze muri software mugusubiramo, ibizunguruka byateganijwe hamwe nabantu batabigizemo uruhare.Mugihe cyo gutunganya CNC, ibishushanyo 2D cyangwa 3D CAD biratekerezwa hanyuma bigahinduka kode ya mudasobwa kugirango ikorwe na sisitemu ya CNC.Nyuma yo kwinjira muri porogaramu, uyikoresha arayigerageza kugirango arebe ko nta makosa ari muri code.
Kubera ubwo bushobozi, inzira yemejwe mu mpande zose z’inganda zikora inganda, kandi inganda za CNC ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora ibyuma na plastiki.Wige byinshi kubwoko bwa sisitemu yo gutunganya ikoreshwa nuburyo gahunda ya mashini ya CNC ishobora gutangiza byimazeyo CNC ikora hepfo:
Gufungura / Gufunga Imashini Yimashini
Mu nganda za CNC, kugenzura imyanya bigenwa na sisitemu ifunguye cyangwa ifunze.Kubwa mbere, ikimenyetso gikora mu cyerekezo kimwe hagati ya CNC na moteri.Muri sisitemu ifunze-loop, umugenzuzi arashobora kwakira ibitekerezo, bigatuma ikosora rishoboka.Rero, sisitemu ifunze-izunguruka irashobora gukosora umuvuduko nimyanya idasanzwe.
Mu gutunganya CNC, ubusanzwe icyerekezo cyerekeza kuri axe X na Y.Na none, igikoresho gishyizwe hamwe kandi kiyobowe na moteri yintambwe cyangwa servo yigana icyerekezo nyacyo cyagenwe na G-code.Niba imbaraga n'umuvuduko ari bike, inzira irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe no gufungura umugozi.Kubindi byose, gufunga-kugenzura kugenzura umuvuduko, guhoraho, hamwe nibisobanuro bisabwa mugutunganya inganda, nkibicuruzwa byibyuma, birakenewe.
Imashini ya CNC irikora rwose
Muri protocole ya CNC yuyu munsi, umusaruro wibice ukoresheje porogaramu yabanjirije porogaramu iba yikora.Koresha porogaramu ifashwa na mudasobwa (CAD) kugirango ushireho ibipimo by'igice runaka, hanyuma ukoreshe porogaramu ifashwa na mudasobwa (CAM) kugirango uyihindure ibicuruzwa byuzuye.
Igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyatanzwe gishobora gusaba ibikoresho bitandukanye byimashini, nkimyitozo nogukata.Kugirango uhuze ibyo bikenewe, imashini nyinshi zubu zihuza imirimo itandukanye mubice bimwe.
Ubundi, igice gishobora kuba kigizwe nimashini nyinshi hamwe na robo yimashini yimura ibice biva murwego rumwe bijya mubindi, ariko byose bigenzurwa na gahunda imwe.Tutitaye kumiterere, imashini ya CNC ituma uburinganire bwibicuruzwa bigorana no gutunganya intoki
Ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini za CNC
Imashini za mbere za CNC zatangiye mu myaka ya za 1940, igihe moteri yamashanyarazi yakoreshwaga bwa mbere kugirango igenzure icyerekezo cyibikoresho bihari.Uko ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere, ubwo buryo bwongerewe na analog hanyuma amaherezo ya mudasobwa igendanwa, bituma imashini ya CNC izamuka.
Imashini yo gusya CNC
Uruganda rwa CNC rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora progaramu zigizwe numubare wimibare ninyuguti ziyobora igihangano cyintera zitandukanye.Porogaramu yo gusya imashini irashobora gushingira kuri G-code cyangwa ururimi rwihariye rwatejwe imbere nitsinda rikora.Imashini yibanze yo gusya igizwe na sisitemu eshatu (X, Y, na Z), ariko insyo nyinshi zifite amashoka atatu.
umusarani
Hifashishijwe tekinoroji ya CNC, umusarani urashobora guca neza kandi byihuse.Imisarani ya CNC ikoreshwa mugukora ibintu bigoye bigoye kugerwaho muburyo busanzwe bwimashini.Muri rusange, imikorere yo kugenzura imashini zisya CNC na lathes birasa.Kimwe na mashini yo gusya ya CNC, imisarani irashobora kandi gukoreshwa hamwe na g-code igenzura cyangwa izindi code kuri lathe.Nyamara, imisarani myinshi ya CNC igizwe namashoka abiri - X na Z.
Kubera ko imashini za CNC zishobora guhuza nibindi bikoresho byinshi nibigize, urashobora kwizera ko zitanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitagira imipaka byihuse kandi neza.Kurugero, mugihe gukata bigoye bigomba gukorwa kumurongo wakazi murwego rutandukanye, byose birashobora gukorwa muminota mike kumashini ya CNC.
Igihe cyose imashini yatunganijwe hamwe na code yukuri, imashini ya cnc izakurikiza intambwe zahawe na software.Dufate ko ibintu byose byateguwe ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, inzira niyirangira, hazaba ibicuruzwa bifite ibisobanuro nagaciro ka tekiniki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-29-2022