Gutunganya insanganyamatsiko nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya CNC ikora.Ubwiza bwo gutunganya no gukora neza byinsanganyamatsiko bizagira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye bwo gutunganya ibice no gukora neza mubigo bikora.
Hamwe nogutezimbere imikorere yikigo gikora cnc no kunoza ibikoresho byo gutema, uburyo bwo gutondeka nabwo burahora butera imbere, kandi ubunyangamugayo nubushobozi bwurudodo nabyo bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro.Kugirango ushoboze abatekinisiye guhitamo neza uburyo bwo gutondeka uburyo bwo gutunganya, kunoza imikorere no kwirinda impanuka nziza, uburyo bwinshi bwo gutondeka bukunze gukoreshwa mubigo bitunganya imashini za CNC mubikorwa byavunaguye kuburyo bukurikira:
1. Kanda uburyo bwo gutunganya
1.1 Ibyiciro nibiranga gutunganya kanda
Gukoresha kanda kugirango utunganyirize umwobo wuburyo nuburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya.Irakwiriye cyane cyane kumyobo ifite urudodo ruto (D <30) hamwe nibisabwa byu mwobo.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, uburyo bwo gukubita bworoshye bwakoreshwaga ku mwobo w’udodo, ni ukuvuga ko igikoma cyoroshye cyakoreshwaga mu gufata igikanda, kandi igikoma cyo gukubita gishobora gukoreshwa mu ndishyi za axial kugira ngo yishyure ibiryo byatewe n’ibiryo biterwa na mashini. igikoresho n'umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka wa spindle.Tanga ikosa kugirango wemeze ikibuga gikwiye.Gukubita byoroshye byoroshye bifite imiterere igoye, igiciro kinini, kwangirika byoroshye no gutunganya neza.Mu myaka yashize, imikorere yikigo cya CNC itunganya imashini yagiye itera imbere buhoro buhoro, kandi imikorere yo gukomeretsa ikomeye yabaye ibanze shingiro ryibigo bitunganya CNC.
Kubwibyo, gukanda gukomeye byahindutse uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutondekanya ubungubu.
Nukuvuga ko, igikanda gifatanye na collet ikaze, kandi ibiryo bya spindle n'umuvuduko wa spindle bigenzurwa nigikoresho cyimashini.
Ugereranije no gukanda byoroshye guhinduka, isoko yisoko ifite imiterere yoroshye, igiciro gito, hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa.Usibye gufata kanseri, irashobora kandi gufata ibikoresho nkurusyo rwanyuma hamwe nimyitozo, bishobora kugabanya ibiciro byibikoresho.Muri icyo gihe, gukanda gukomeye birashobora gukoreshwa mugukata byihuse, bitezimbere imikorere yikigo gikora kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora.
1.2 Kumenya umwobo wo hasi mbere yo gukanda
Gutunganya umwobo wo hasi wurudodo bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwa robine hamwe nubwiza bwo gutunganya urudodo.Mubisanzwe, umurambararo wimyitozo yo hepfo yumwobo watoranijwe hafi yumupaka wo hejuru wurudodo rwo hasi rwa diameter kwihanganira,
Kurugero, umwobo wo hasi wa diameter ya M8 urudodo rwa M8 ni Ф6.7 + 0.27mm, naho diameter ya biti ya drill ni F6.9mm.Muri ubu buryo, amafaranga yo gutunganya igikanda arashobora kugabanuka, umutwaro wigituba urashobora kugabanuka, kandi ubuzima bwumurimo wa robine burashobora kunozwa.
1.3 Guhitamo kanda
Mugihe uhisemo igikanda, mbere ya byose, igikanda kijyanye nacyo kigomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa.Isosiyete ikora ibikoresho itanga ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanda ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bigomba gutunganywa, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa byumwihariko guhitamo.
Kuberako robine yunvikana cyane kubintu bigomba gutunganywa ugereranije no gusya hamwe nibikoresho birambirana.Kurugero, gukoresha robine mugutunganya ibyuma bikozwe mubice bya aluminiyumu biroroshye gutera igihombo cyurudodo, indobo zidasanzwe cyangwa no kumeneka kanda, bikavamo ibihangano byaciwe.Icya kabiri, hagomba kwitonderwa itandukaniro riri hagati yo gukanda no gukuramo impumyi.Imbere-impera yubuyobozi bwanyuze mu mwobo ni ndende, kandi gukuramo chip ni ugukuraho chip imbere.Impera yimbere yumwobo wimpumyi ni ngufi, kandi kwimura chip ninyuma yinyuma.Ibyobo bihumye bitunganyirizwa hamwe na kanda, kandi ubujyakuzimu ntibushobora kwemezwa.Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, niba hakoreshejwe igikoma cyoroshye gukoreshwa, twakagombye kumenya ko diameter ya robine ya kanda hamwe nubugari bwa kare igomba kuba imwe nkiya gukubita;umurambararo wa robine shank yo gukubita cyane igomba kuba imwe na diametre yikoti yimvura.Muri make, gusa guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro birashobora gutuma iterambere ryoroha.
1.4 NC gahunda yo gutunganya imashini
Porogaramu yo gutunganya imashini iroroshye.Noneho imashini ikora muri rusange ishimangira gukanda subroutine, gusa tanga buri kintu cyagaciro.Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko sisitemu zitandukanye zo kugenzura imibare zifite imiterere ya subprogramme zitandukanye, kandi ibisobanuro byibipimo bimwe bitandukanye.
Kurugero, sisitemu yo kugenzura SIEMEN840C, imiterere yayo yo gutangiza gahunda ni: G84 X_Y_R2_ R3_R4_R5_R6_R7_R8_R9_R10_R13_.Ukeneye gusa gutanga ibipimo 12 mugihe utegura gahunda.
2. Uburyo bwo gusya
2.1 Ibiranga gusya
Gusya insanganyamatsiko nugukoresha igikoresho cyo gusya urudodo, guhuza imirongo itatu ihuza ikigo gikora imashini, ni ukuvuga, X, Y axis izenguruka interpolation, hamwe nuburyo bwa Z axis umurongo wo kugaburira urudodo.
Gusya insanganyamatsiko bikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya imigozi minini-mwobo hamwe nu mwobo wibikoresho bigoye-kumashini.Ifite ahanini ibiranga ibi bikurikira:
(1) Umuvuduko wo gutunganya urihuta, imikorere iri hejuru, kandi gutunganya neza ni byinshi.Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho muri rusange ni sima ya karbide, kandi kugabanya umuvuduko birihuta.Igikoresho gikozwe neza cyane, bityo insyo yo gusya neza ni ndende.
(2) Ibikoresho byo gusya bifite intera nini yo gusaba.Igihe cyose ikibuga ari kimwe, ntakibazo ni urudodo rwibumoso cyangwa urudodo rwiburyo, igikoresho kimwe kirashobora gukoreshwa, kikaba ari cyiza kugabanya igiciro cyibikoresho.
(3) Gusya biroroshye gukuramo chip hanyuma ukonje.Ugereranije na kanda, imiterere yo gukata ni nziza.Irakwiriye cyane cyane gutunganya urudodo rwibikoresho bigoye-imashini nka aluminium, umuringa, nicyuma.
Birakwiriye cyane cyane guhuza ibice binini nibice byibikoresho byagaciro, bishobora kwemeza ubwiza bwurudodo numutekano wakazi.
⑷ Kuberako nta gikoresho cyambere kiyobora, birakwiriye gutunganywa umwobo uhumye hamwe nu mwobo mugufi wohasi hamwe nu mwobo udafite munsi.
2.2 Gutondekanya ibikoresho byo gusya
Ibikoresho byo gusya insanganyamatsiko birashobora kugabanwa muburyo bubiri, kimwe nikimashini gifatanye na karbide yinjizamo imashini, ikindi nikindi gice cyo gusya karbide.Imashini ifunze imashini ifite intera nini ya porogaramu, kandi irashobora gukora imyobo ifite uburebure bwurudodo munsi yuburebure bwinjizwamo, cyangwa umwobo ufite uburebure bwurudodo burenze uburebure bwinjizwamo.Amashanyarazi akomeye ya karbide asanzwe akoreshwa mubyobo bya mashini hamwe nuburebure bwurudodo munsi yuburebure bwibikoresho.
2.3 Porogaramu ya NC yo gusya
Gutegura ibikoresho byo gusya urudodo bitandukanye no gutunganya ibindi bikoresho.Niba gahunda yo gutunganya yibeshye, biroroshye gutera ibikoresho byangiritse cyangwa amakosa yo gutunganya urudodo.Mugihe cyo gutegura, witondere ingingo zikurikira:
⑴ Mbere ya byose, umwobo wo hasi wumugozi ugomba gutunganywa neza, umwobo muto wa diameter ugomba gutunganywa hamwe na myitozo, kandi umwobo munini ugomba gutunganywa no kurambirwa kugirango hamenyekane neza ko umwobo wo hasi.
. y'urudodo.Igikoresho radius indishyi agaciro igomba kuzanwa muriki gihe.
⑶ X, Y axis arc interpolation kumurongo umwe, spindle igomba kugenda ikibuga kimwe cyerekezo cya Z axis, bitabaye ibyo, urudodo ruzasunikwa kubushake.
Program Gahunda yintangarugero yihariye: diameter yumutemeri wo gusya ni Φ16, umwobo urudodo ni M48 × 1.5, naho ubujyakuzimu bwurwobo ni 14.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya nuburyo bukurikira:
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G0 G90 G54 X0 Y0
G0 Z10 M3 S1400 M8
G0 Z-14.75 Kugaburira igice cyimbitse cyurudodo
G01 G41 X-16 Y0 F2000 Himura aho ugaburira kandi wongereho indishyi za radiyo
G03 X24 Y0 Z-14 I20 J0 F500 Koresha 1/2 kizenguruka arc kugirango ukate
G03 X24 Y0 Z0 I-24 J0 F400 Kata umugozi wose
G03 X-16 Y0 Z0.
G0 Z100
M30
3. Uburyo bwo gutoranya no guta
3.1 Ibiranga uburyo bwo gutoranya-buto
Ibyobo binini bifatanye birashobora rimwe na rimwe guhura kubice by'agasanduku.Mugihe habuze gukanda no gusya insyo, uburyo busa no gutoragura umusarani.
Shyiramo igikoresho cyo guhindura umurongo kumurongo urambiranye kumutwe.
Isosiyete yatunganije icyiciro cyibice, urudodo ni M52x1.5, naho umwanya ni 0.1mm (reba Ishusho 1).Kuberako imyanya ihanitse isabwa hamwe nu mwobo munini urudodo, ntibishoboka gukoresha igikanda mugutunganya, kandi ntanumwe wo gusya urudodo.Nyuma yo kwipimisha, gukoresha uburyo bwo gutoranya no gutobora kugirango ubone ibisabwa.
3.2 Kwirinda uburyo bwo gutoranya no guta
⑴ Nyuma yuko spindle itangiye, hagomba kubaho igihe cyo gutinda kugirango tumenye neza ko spindle igera kumuvuduko wagenwe.
.Icyerekezo cya spindle kigomba gukoreshwa, igikoresho kigenda neza, hanyuma igikoresho gisubira inyuma.
Gukora arbor bigomba kuba byuzuye, cyane cyane umwanya wa kerf ugomba kuba uhoraho.Niba bidahuye, ibikoresho byinshi byo gutunganya ntibishobora gukoreshwa.Bitabaye ibyo, bizatera urujijo.
⑷ Nubwo ari indobo yoroheje cyane, ntigomba gutorwa hamwe nicyuma kimwe mugihe uyitoraguye, bitabaye ibyo bizatera guta amenyo no kutagira isura mbi.Igomba kugabanywamo byibuze ibice bibiri.
Efficiency Gutunganya neza ni bike, kandi birakwiriye gusa kubice bito bito, ududodo twihariye kandi nta bikoresho bihuye.
3.3 Urugero rwihariye gahunda
N5 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0
N10 Z15
N15 S100 M3 M8
N20 G04 X5 gutinda, kora spindle igera kumuvuduko wagenwe
N25 G33 Z-50 K1.5
N30 M19 Icyerekezo
N35 G0 X-2 reka icyuma
N40 G0 Z15 Igikoresho cyo gukuramo
4. Incamake
Mu ncamake, uburyo bwo gutunganya urudodo muri cnc yo gutunganya imashini zirimo ahanini gutunganya kanda, gutunganya urusyo nuburyo bwo gutoranya.Gutunganya igikanda no gusya nuburyo bukuru bwo gutunganya, kandi uburyo bwo gutoranya nuburyo bwihutirwa bwigihe gito.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2022